| Tech
Univ of Darmstadt (Germany) Univ of Alabama Tuscaloosa (USA) Univ of Cape Town (South Africa) University of Guelph (Canada) |
U of Guelph website -
course outline for UAT 491/691 Special problems in wet weather flow management UoG05661 Urban stormwater management UoG05662 Water pollution control planning |
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| Note copyright and disclaimer restrictions. | © Wm James 2000-2002 | Questions? | Updated
02/02/10 | |
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| 05-661 Urban stormwater management is a graduate
engineering course, comprising the six odd-numbered modules: 1.continuous
stormwater management models and model structure (SWMM and PCSWMM); 3.GIS data management, model complexity, catchment discretization and
process disaggregation (PCSWMMGIS); 5.routing in complex,
looped, partially surcharged pipe/channel networks (SWMM-EXTRAN); 7.pollutant build-up, washoff and transport (SWMM-RUNOFF, -TRANS);
9.pollutant removal in sewer networks, storage facilities and
treatment plants (DETPOND); 11.Sewer network designs for
the future; appropriate technologies for wastewater in urban infrastructure. More info is provided in module 0. 05-662 Water pollution control planning (for UCT students, CIV530Z is a programme of individual study on a specialized topic - examination by report/s and possibly an oral) is a graduate engineering course, comprising the six even-numbered modules below: 2. philosophy underlying public water pollution; 4. methods of developing area-wide pollution control plans and sustainable use plans in Ontario and elsewhere; 6. introduction to BMPs and the SLAMM model; 8. introduction to the WASP model; 10. Urban litter in drainage systems; 12. examination of quantitative and non-quantitative information in the context of planning. No field trips are planned for Jan-Apr 2000. More info is provided in module 0. |
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Current modules in this website are for January to April 2002. |
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module 10 Urban litter in drainage systems by Neil Armitage contents We all, no doubt, recognise that urban litter in drainage systems is a problem, but what can be done about it? This is the subject of this module. The main reading for the module is in the form of a report to the Water Research Commission of South Africa by Neil Armitage, Albert Rooseboom, Christo Nel & Peter Townshend entitled “The removal of urban litter from stormwater conduits and streams”. Before you read this report you should however be aware of a few issues: 1. Urban drainage systems fall into two categories: “separated” systems where stormwater and sewage is reticulated in separate reticulation systems; and “combined” systems where the same pipes are used for both. The report deals exclusively with the urban litter problems associated with the stormwater conduits and streams in a country where the stormwater and sewage are always (theoretically at any rate) separated. Where combined systems are used, much of the litter can be trapped and removed at the wastewater treatment works. On the other hand, combined sewer overflows (CSOs), which generally occur as a result of heavy downpours, become a particular problem as both litter and effluent ends up in the rivers. Combined sewers are something of an anathema to anyone from a water scarce region. Why would anyone want to pollute a valuable resource - stormwater - with effluent?! 2. The report is looking at trying to solve the waterborne litter problems of South Africa. South Africa is a middle income country (GDP per capita = US$2 500) with an unemployment rate in the order of 30%. This severely limits the range of affordable technologies. Inevitably, theft and vandalism are also major problems. 3. There are two different approaches to solving the problem of waterborne litter. The first is to prevent littering - or at any rate prevent the litter from entering the drains. The second is to remove the litter once it is in the drainage system. One might say that the first is treating the cause of the problem, whilst the latter is treating the symptoms! At first glance it would seem that prevention is better than cure, but there are other considerations. Prevention means dealing with people, and some people are difficult to deal with (particularly if they are hungry!). Removal is a technological problem - something that engineers are generally well trained to handle. Prevention also means dealing with diffuse sources of pollution – something that is never easy. Once in the drainage system, however, the litter tends to concentrate as it goes downstream (although some of it might be left on the banks along the way!). This allows for economies of scale at the trapping structures. The report deals with both the aspects of prevention as well as removal, but concentrates heavily on the latter. You may now read the report. It will be found at: http://www.wrc.org.za/reports/tt95_98.htm It will take you several hours to download the whole report. I therefore suggest that you start off by downloading only Chapters 1, 2, 3, 10 & 11. A summary of the entire document is contained in three papers: http://www.wrc.org.za/wrcpublications/wrcwatersa/wsa-apr00.htm#quantities http://www.wrc.org.za/wrcpublications/wrcwatersa/wsa-apr00.htm#studies http://www.wrc.org.za/wrcpublications/wrcwatersa/wsa-apr00.htm#selecting These download within seconds. Optional additional readings may be found at the end of this module. Many of these URLs are to do with litter prevention through education. Note that education on its own cannot solve the littering problem. Most polluters are aware that they are littering – they simply don’t care…. (P.S. if you find any new sites relevant to this topic, please let me know). Carry out a brief study on a densily populated urban catchment that you are familiar with (with an area of at least 1 km2). In no more than five pages: a) describe the catchment (including land-use/s, population, income levels etc.); b) describe the drainage system; c) indicate the extent of the litter problem; d) describe the existing litter control methods; e) indicate how effective the existing litter control methods appear to be; f) give your recommendations for improvement (both litter prevention and the removal of litter from the drainage system); and g) suggest how you would finance your proposals.
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